Para diagnosticar enfermedades psiquiátricas, en medicina y psiquiatría se utiliza el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de trastornos mentales. La última versión llamada DSM-5 se lanzó en 2013 por la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría.
ElManual Diagnóstico y Estadístico, elDSMpor sus siglas en inglés, es una guía ampliamente utilizada en Estados Unidos para eldiagnóstico de los trastornos de salud mental, tanto en adultos como en niños.
El DSM fue creado por laAsociación Americana de Psiquiatríapara describir los síntomas demás de 250 desórdenes mentales.También ofreceestadísticas de género, edad y los efectos de los diferentes tratamientos más comunes. De este modo, los profesionales de salud mental pueden recurrir a este manual para “comprender mejor las necesidades potenciales del paciente”, pero también para la evaluación y el diagnóstico de cada caso en concreto.
Desde su publicación en 1952,el manual se ha revisado siete veces. Los últimos cambios se aplicaron en mayo de 2013, con el nombre de DSM-5.
En el año 2000, el Manual DSM-IV-TR (una actualización del DSM-IV), clasificó los diferentes trastornos que aparecen en la guía en cinco dimensiones diferentes:
- Síndromes clínicos, en los que se incluían trastornos de ansiedad oalimentarios.
- De personalidad y retraso mental, como trastornos de personalidad antisocial o aquellos caracterizados por un deterioro intelectual.
- Condiciones médicas, por ejemplo,pacientes con VIH / SIDA.
- Problemas psicosociales y ambientales, en los que se incluían factores como el desempleo o divorcio.
- Evaluación global del funcionamiento,para poder comprender la interacción de los cuatro ejes anteriores y cómo afectan al paciente.
Novedades en DSM-5
A diferencia del anterior DSM (el DSM-IV), el manual actualha eliminado los ejes en los que se dividían los diferentes trastornos mentales.El DSM-5 enumera los trastornos en categorías junto con otros trastornos relacionados diferentes.
Por ejemplo, el trastorno deAspergerse eliminó. En su lugar, se ha incorporado a la categoría detrastornos de espectro autista.También se han incluido las categorías de trastornos de ansiedad, trastornos bipolares y relacionados, entre otros.
Muchas personas consideran este manual como la “Biblia” de los terapeutas. Pero también haydetractoresque opinan que el DSM no tiene en cuenta la complexidad del comportamiento humano o que estigmatiza a los pacientes al categorizarlos en los diferentes trastornos.
A día de hoy, el DSM es la guía terapéutica referente para profesionales, pacientes y para la población en general.
Referencias:
Descripción general del Manual Diagnóstico y estadístico (DSM) (2019). VeryWellMind.
FAQs
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. DSM contains descriptions, symptoms and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
What is the Psychiatric diagnostic Criteria Manual? ›
Two main diagnostic manuals are used to assist in diagnosing psychiatric illnesses:
- The DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association and covers all categories of mental disorders for both adults and children. ...
- The ICD is a standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes.
It provides clear, highly detailed definitions of mental health and brain-related conditions. It also provides details and examples of the signs and symptoms of those conditions. In addition to defining and explaining conditions, the DSM-5 organizes those conditions into groups.
Is DSM V available online? ›
The DSM-5® is out of print and available as PDF-only. For the updated DSM-5-TR®, please visit dsm.psychiatryonline.org.
What is the primary purpose of the DSM? ›
Answer and Explanation: The primary purpose of the DSM is to help psychologists, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals diagnose and treat mental illnesses. The book provides descriptions of different mental disorders in addition to their varied levels of severity and treatment options.
What is DSM-5 diagnostic criteria? ›
Diagnostic Criteria Sets
For each disorder included in DSM, a set of diagnostic criteria indicates symptoms that must be present (and for how long) as well as a list of other symptoms, disorders, and conditions that must first be ruled out to qualify for a particular diagnosis.
How to reference Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? ›
In-text example:
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is the most widely accepted nomenclature used by clinicians and researchers for the classification of mental disorders. The first time you cite the Manual, give its full title as above.
What are the major behavioral criteria in the DSM-5 that are used in the diagnosis of substance use disorder? ›
DSM-5's 11 Criteria for Addiction
These criteria fall under four basic categories — impaired control, physical dependence, social problems and risky use: Using more of a substance than intended or using it for longer than you're meant to. Trying to cut down or stop using the substance but being unable to.
How do you diagnose a mental disorder? ›
Your doctor will ask questions about your thoughts and mood. They will also ask about your behaviours and if anything is worrying you. Some experiences can increase the chance of developing a mental illness. There are generally no blood tests or brain scans that can confirm a mental illness.
What makes DSM-5 different? ›
In DSM-5, six classes were added and four were removed. As a result of these changes in the overall classification system, numerous individual disorders were reclassified from one class to another (e.g., from “mood disorders” to “bipolar and related disorders” or “depressive disorders”).
The DSM-5 contains 20 disorder chapters and nearly 300 mental illnesses.
How is the DSM-5 different? ›
Changes in the DSM-5-TR
The DSM-5-TR also includes the addition of a new diagnosis called prolonged grief disorder. There are new codes added to the DSM-5-TR that will allow clinicians to document suicidal behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury in patients that don't have another psychiatric diagnosis.
Is DSM still used today? ›
Despite the existence of alternative diagnostic criteria and approaches [e.g., International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD), Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)], the DSM criteria remain the gold standard for mental health diagnosis.
What DSM is used today? ›
DSM-5-TR is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. Learn more about the development of DSM-5-TR, important criteria and history.
Can you diagnose yourself with the DSM-5? ›
The DSM-5 is extremely complex
From there, people should share their concerns with a licensed professional to get an accurate diagnosis. Consulting the DSM-5 TR instead, like Googling your symptoms, may result in under-diagnosing, over-diagnosing, or misdiagnosing.
What is the DSM definition of a mental disorder? ›
In DSM-IV, each of the mental disorders is conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with ...
What does the DSM stand for and statistical manual of mental disorders quizlet? ›
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM):
What is the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? ›
DSM-5-TR is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States.
What is the diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM quizlet? ›
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; A widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
